Apparatus for the treatment of cargoes and goods in ships, warehouses, &amp;c.



No. 839,689. PATENTBD DEC. 25, 1906..

L. WILLIAMS.

.APPARATUS POR THE TREATMENT 0F GARGOES AND GOODS 1N SHIPS, WAREHOUSES, am.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10. 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

' et A ,l I

No. 839,689. PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906. L. WILLIAMS.

APPARATUS POR THE TREATMENT OP' CARGOES AND GOODS IN SHIPS,

WAREHOUSES, &o.

APPLICATION FILED PEB. 10, 1905.

` 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 839,689. PATENTED DEG. 25, 1906.

L. WILLIAMS.

APPARATUS POR THE TREATMENT OP. GARGOES AND GOODS IN SHIPS, WAREHOUSES, 6m. APPLIoATIoN FILED rEB.1o, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

1 qifj 1 z z 2 2 z J 22 ZQL'ZMJf gaz/ni? MM Wf@zaM/w No. 839,689. PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906 L. WILLIA MS.

APFARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OP OARGOES AND GOODS IN SHIPS, WAREHOUSES, 6:0.

APPLICATION FILED PEB. 10. 1905.

4 SHEETS-snm 4.

@En armas;

.Para f onirica.-

if LLEWLLYN WILLIAMS," or Bosro N, MASSACHUSETTS. APPARATUS For THE TREATMENT oF cmuaoesmm toons TN SHIPS, wARE'Houssa ac. l

Specification of Letters Paten-tf Patented nac'. 25,1906.

.Application lledfebruai'y 10,1905. Serial No. 246,166.

'To al?, whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, LLWELLYNWILLIAMS, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of 131 State street, Boston, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful, Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling Cargoes and Goods in Ships and the Like, of which the following is a speciiication.'

The object of this invention is to provide an improved arrangement and combination of apparatus for ventilating and cooling a cargo uniformly throughout its extent in the holds or cargo-spaces of ships and the like, the term cargo being intended to cover only perishable substances of non-granular nature in bulk, such as bananas and other fruit,'which can be stacked loose on the hold-Hoor.

This invention is not applicable to 'grain for substances of similar nature, which will always pack themselves very closely by vir-'I tue of their nely-divided state.

According to this invention I provide a- I grating or perforated false bottom extending over the floor or bottom of the cargo-space to be ventilated and raised oil said floor or bottom, so as to provide below said grating or perforated false bottom an air-space serving as an air-chamber extending over the iioor or bottom'of the cargo-space, and i.1to this air-space below the said grating or perforated false bottom l. blow air in' distribu tion proportioned to the horizontal extent of the cargo by means. of suitable distributing-ducts connected to one or' morefans or the like. The said ducts are arranged to discharge the air moreor less equally or proportionally into said air-space throughout the length ofthe same, so that the pressure .of the air rising through the interstices or perforations of the grating or false bottomwill be approximately uniform or proportional, as desired. This air rises throughout the horizontal extent and depth of the cargo,

which is to be stacked-or'piled on or over said grating or perforated false bottom, and it is drawn oifV from the top-of the cargo-space by means. of suitable return-ducts connected to ythe suction side of the fan or fans o r the like to be either discharged into Vtheatmosphere o r returned by the fan or fans or the like into the aforesaid distributing-ducts to be recir- 'i culated through the cargo.

When it is desired to cool or refrigerate the cargo, as Well as to ventilate it, theair is passed.through suitablecooling or refrigerating apparatus before being discharged into fused over and over again until it becomes foul, when a small percentage of it is blown out and replaced by fresh 'air from the external atmosphere. l

I shall now proceed to describe the manner in' which my invention may be carried into practice in the case of a ship, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, which show only so much 'of a ship as is necessary to illustratethe invention.

.In the drawin s, Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, illustrate the app 'cation of this invention to a single hold or cargo-Space. Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-section on the line A 'B of Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a part-sectional plan on the line C D of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 a partial vertical crosssection on the4 line E F of Fi 2 drawn to a larger scale to illustrate detai s. Fig. 4 is a separate portion view of .the portion G H of Fig. 2, also drawn to a larger scale toV illustrate details. Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-secapplication of this invention to two or more ho ds or cargo-spaces situatedfone above the Other. the line K tional plan on the line MN ofv Fig. 6, illusthe branch air-ducts.

Referring first to, Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, 1 indicates the hold or cargo-space comprised and lower decks 4 and 5, the transverse bu khead 6, and a corresponding transverse bulk- .head 7. (Not shown in Fig. 2.) 8 is the cargo-hatch. 9 is the perforated false bottom on or over which the cargo (not shown) is stacked or piled. It extends over the entire floor area of the lower deck 5 and is raised off the said lower deck 5, so as to leave between it and the said deck an air-space 9*". It may be conveniently made in the form of a Wooden grating 9, composed of .battens spaced suitably apart running fore and aft, and resting -on bearers running athwartship, as indicated in the detail view, Fig., 3. 10 is .a main air-duct situated at one end of the cargo-space ,close to the bulkhead 6, and 11 is The duct 10 is assumed tobe connected to trating a modification in the arrangement of The circulation of the cold air may be made tion on the line I Jof Fig. 2, illustrating the `Fi Gis a vertical cross-section on of Fig. 7, and Fig. 7 is a part-secbetween the -ships sides 2 and 3, the up er another main air-duct situated alongside.

. 4o A space 21', as shown m'ore clearly in Fig. 3, is

vcarried along the .bulkhead 6, respectively,

into air chambers or 'trunks 14 and 15, ,situated at opposite sides of the ship. From the airfchamber '14 a' number ot distributing airducts (four are shown by way ot example) 1,6 17 1819 are led fore and'aitI along the side .2 of the ship and are so arranged that the duct 16, whichis nearest to the/ships side,is carried as farlas and vterminates as viewed in plan, Fig. 2, at a point distant, say,V about one-fourth of the length of the'cargo-space 1,

While the next adjacent ducts'17 and 18 are vzo carried as far as and terminate at points situated, respectively, say, at about half-way and three-quarters of the length ot the cargospaee. The last duct 19 terminates at the bulkhead 7, situated at the 'farther end ott-he cargo-space. These distributing air-ducts are preferably designed'to feed e ual capacities 'of the shi s cargo-space. uch an arrangement wil usually entail unequal lengths ,of the ducts on raccount of the ship usually becoming .narrower toward its ends.

f duets are vshown arran ed horizontally and close up to the ships side and the ceiling of the upper deck, Fig. -1', in order that they may occupy as little of valuable cargo-space as possible. f

A lining 2() is carriediup from the grating 9 to the air-ducts 1-6-19 up along the ships side .at a suitable distance therefrom, so as to leave an air-space 21 between it and the ships side extending from duct 14 at bulkhead 6 tobulkhead 7-that is to say, along the entire length of the cargo-space. This o en at the bottom to the space 9a underneath t egrating 9, and it is also open at the top to the respective distributing-duets 16719v throughoutthe length of its junction with For this purpose .the

the side of the duct 16 to the termination. of the latter, Where the duct 17 is carried in- Ward to join the air-space 21, alongside and above which it runs to its own termination., where the next duct18`j`oirs the air-'space 21 and sirrilarly in the case of thedistributingduct 19 and any further distributing-ducs'if more than fourbe employed. `This is clearly shown in Fig. 2. Siniilar'distributing-dueis A22 23 24 25, lit.'-

ing 26, and air-space 27 are arranged in a corresponding manner along the oppcsi't e side 8 of the ship.

28 and 29Y are main re urn-ducts which oxtend from the farther bulkhead 7 (where 'they stop short) and are carried along the caigospace close under thedeck-ceiling 4 cu either These l are formed with relatively numerous aperslides 31, whereby the amount of air-open-' ings through said apertures can 'be regulated to cause an approximately even amount of' i air to low through the different portions of the cargo-space with which they are in con- 'n.ection. Thisregulation is necessitated by the fact that part of the duets 28and 29,nearest to duct 11 is nearer the fan and therefbre subjected to a greater air-pressurefeither in 'i a negative o1l positive direction, as the case may be, according as the air isbeingdischarged or extraetedthrough these ducts 28 and 29. l The openings of the distributin -ducts 16- 19 and 2 2-25 1n their respective c ambers 14 and 15 are preferably arranged en echelon, as shown, in order to equalize the distribution of the' 'air-supply to said o enings.' These. openings are fitted with adiusta le baiedoors 32, Fig. 4, provided with quadrant and thumb-screw adjusting-gear 35 for regulating the flow of' air through each duct, or any other equivalent means may be employed. f

'turesfO, which are fitted with regulatingarrows and is as follows: ,The air is d is-v charged from the fan -or fans through the main duct 10 and thence through the branch mains 12 and 13'into the side chambers l14 and 15,l whence it passes through the distributing-ducts 16 17 18 19 to be discharged into the air-space 21 at one side'of'the cargospace, and slmultaneously, also, through the distributing-ducts`22 23 24 25 into the airspace. From the spaces 21. and 27 the air is discharged into the air-space 9a below the grating 9, whence' it rises up through the grating and become`s diil"used among thel cargo. On its exit from the -upper surface of the cargo lthe air which has become heated by contact withthe relatively Warmercargo. is drawn through the apertures'SO'into t e turned by the fan through aircooling apparatus beforev being discharged into the main cooled/ state through the cargo, as hereinbefore described. i

In the preceding description'/ ducts -10 -and 11 are assumed tobeeonnected tothe dischar ing and: suction Simca-respectively, of4 the Fan; but by a vsuitable arrangement of be reversed, if desired, and theair may be vdischarged through ducts 11, 28, and 29 into the top of the cargo-space 1 and be drawn down through the cargo and extracted through the grating 9, air-space 9, spaces 21A and 27, and drawn through the distributing-- duets 16-19 andf2225 and' through the main The vcirculation of the air is'indicated -by j space 27 at the opposite side of the cargo IIC return-ducts 28 and 29, and so` into the main suction-duct 11, whence-the air may`be redischarge-duet 10 to .be recirculated in 'itav doors this ld irectionof the air circulation may y tion and duct 11 tothe discharge side of the fan.

, The 'linings 20 and 26 may Vbe conveniently niade of boarding constructed over battensd., `l'lig. 3, which are arranged ver-` tically, so as not to' obstruct` the iiow of air through the spaces21 and 27. vThe main ducts 12 13 andthe chambers 14 and 15 are made Wide eno Oh and suitable doors' and ladders are provi ed in them to allow of an attendant samefhr the purpose o adjusting the doors 32, that control the openings of the distributinv-ducts 16-19 and 22-25, Bythis means the ow 0f air admitted uueugh the distributing-ducts'into the cargo-space can be efr'iciently regulated at all timeswithout .thel

,neoessit of rovid assa e-wa s for'the Y l) mijl) Y attendant alongthe ps si esor among the cargo, and thus .losing valuable cargo-space.

Although the figures show two -returnducts 28 and 29, only one return-duct or more than two such ducts may he provided and employed as foundfsuitable.

When 'two or more cargo-spaces situated one below the other' are` to be ventilated according to this invention, a suitable arrangement is as shown in Fig. 5, where 1 is the upper cargo-space and 1E.- the lower cargo-space'. For the purposes of this invention the airc'hambers 14v and 15 are carried down at' the sides ofthe ship throughthe floor or'deck 5, below which they communicate with the distributing-ducts 16a-19a and 22B'-29. The said air-chambers are made large enou`gn to carry the wholeof the air required to ventilate the whole of the cargo-spaces 1 1a, &c.

So much of the air as is required to be circulated through thel cargo-space 1 is taken by the distributin -ducts -16-19 and 22-29, the remainder of t e airbeing conveyed tothe cargo-space 1 l and in a similar manner to an other cargo-s aces below, if any.

- he horizonteI side-by-side arrangement- "of the distributin -ducts 16-19 and 22-25 under'the deck-oei ing,.as shown in Figs. 1*,

' ship, suita 3,y and 5, is preferred on account of the facility afforded thereby of gaining access to the cargoace throu h the side Ele doors eing provided in the linings 20 and 26 for this urpose. If, however, suoh'facility is not dsired, the distributing-ducts may be arranged horizontally one below the other in a vertical plane against the ships side.. With this arrangement of the distributing-ducts the air-spaces '21 and 27 may be considerably lessened in heightbr they may even be entirely (lispensed with, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In this latter case the openings in the bottoms of the distributing-ducts would he below the level of the grating 9.

Although vin the drawings the main duets assing through the ports .of the extending along the ships sides,` this arrangement might be reversed,`if desired, the main ducts being arranged at one or the other side of the ship and the distributin -ducts bein carried across shi along the bu heads 6 an 7 at each end oft e cargo-space;

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by `Letters Patent, isy 1'. In a closed cargo-space of a ship or the like, the combination with the floor of the cargo-space, of a Y erforated false bottom raised off the lloor o the cargo-space, so as to form an air-chamber under said perforated bottom, side walls or 'partitions constituting a lateral air-space open along its upper length extending approximately along the entire length of one side of the cargo-space, and also extendin in a downward direction apyproxintately t e entire depth of the cargospace, communicating throughout' its lower" of the cargo-space, an air-su ply duct c om'- municating continuously Wit the entire up-v per length of each said lateral air-space at .its junction therewith, and an approximately horizontal air-exhaust duct extending approximately the entire length of' the central upper-part of the cargo-space provided with relativel numerous air-a ert'ures lspaced uniform y throughout `its ength, whereby the air is caused to'circulate in an approximately vertical direction through'the cargo, with ap roximately uniform pressure in horizontal distribution. f

2. In a closed hold or cargo-space of a ship or the like the combinationl with the floor and sides of the cargo-space, of a perforated false .bottom raised oil` the floor of the oar'o- IOO los

space, so as to form an air-chamber un er g said perforated bottom, a partition extending a ong a ner side o the car o-space at a distance therefrom, from sai perforated bottom up Yto near the top of the cargo-space, whereby a lateral air-space open at the top and bottom is formed between said partition and' said inner side of the cargo-s mee, a similarlyconstituted partition locate( at .the opposite sideof the cargo-space, whereby a similar lateral air-space is formed on said o )posite side of the cargo-space, an air-sup i y duct communicating continuously with tlleentire upporlength of said lateral air-space on each side at its junction therewith, and an approximately horizontal air-exhaust duct extending aiproximately the entire length ol`- the central upper part of tl1erargo-spaee, provided with rolativoly numerous air-apertures spaced unlforml)Y throughout its length, whereby the nu is unused to circulate lu an.

proximately the whole of one inapproximately vertical direction through the cargo with approximately uniform pressure in horizontal distribution.

, 3. In a closedcargo-space of a ship or the like, the combination with the floor of the cargo-space1 of a perforated false bottomraised off the floor of the cargo-s ace so as toform an air-chamber under'sai perforated bottom', side walls or partitions constituting a lateral air-s ace open along its entire. upper length'exten ing along approximately the entire length of one side of thecargo-space, and also extending in` a downward direction approximatelyv the entire depth of the 'cargospace and cornmunicvatingl throughout its lowerhlength with the air-chamber under said perforated bottom, a horizontal series of airsupply ducts communicating in immediately adjacent continuous consecutive order with the entire upper length of said'lateral airspace, so that the aggregateA len th of the junctions of the said vair-supply ucts with said lateral air-chamber is equal to the entire upper length ofthe latter, a similarly-constituted lateral air-space and a similar horizontal series of air-supply ducts located at the opposite side of the cargo-space, and an approximately horizontal air-exhaust duct extending approximately the entire length of the central upper part fof the lcargo-spacel havin relatively numerous airapertures space uniformly throughout its `length whereby the air is vcaused to circulate in an approximately vertical direction through the carga4 with ap roximately uniform pressure 'in horizontal irection.

4. In a closed hold or cargo-space of a ship or the like the combination with the floor of said cargo-space, of a perforated false bottom raised oif 'the floor of said cargo-space, so as to form an air-chamber under said perforatedbottom, a horizontal series of air supply ducts located in immediately adj-acont 'con./

-sec'utive order side by side along approximately the entire length of one side of saidcargo-space and communicating at 1 their .lower ends with said air-chamber below said perforated bottom continuously throughout their several junctions with said air-chamber, a common air-supply duct delivering into said air-supply ducts, and an air-duct exhausting .from approximately. the entire length .of the upper part of said cargo-space, whereby air delivered by said common airsupply duct into said series of air-supply ducts is delivered sectionally by the latter in distribution proportionate to the horizontalJ extent of the cargo located opposite to each duct of said series of air-supply ducts7 into senese said air-'chamber below said perforated bottom.

5. In a closed: hold or cargoqspace of .a ship or the like the oombinationwith the loor of said cargo-space, of a perforated false bottom raised oil the 4floor of said cargo-space so as to form an air-chamber under .said perforated bottom, a horizontal series ofA air-supply ducts located inimmediate adjacent consecuf tive order side by side along approximately the entire vlength of one side ofsaid cargospace, and communicating at their lower ends with one side of said air-chamberbelow said perforated bottom continuously throughout their several junctions with said air-cham.- ber, an opposite horizontal series of air-supply ducts communicating similarly with the opposite side of said chambencommon airsupply ducts delivering respectively into said series of air-supply ducts, and air-ducts exhausting from approximately the entire length of respective opposite sides of the upper part of said cargo-space; whereby air delivered sectionally by said air-supply ducts in distribution proportionateto the horizontal extent of the cargo located opposite to each duct of said horizontal series of air-supply ducts, into said air-chamberbelowV said perforated bottom.

6. ln a ship Aor the like containingla plurality of closed superposed holds or. cargo-spaces, the combination with the floor of each cargospace of a perforated false bottom raised off the licor of said cargo-space so as tofform anv air-chamber under said perforated bottom, a

horizontal series of air-supply ducts in each' said cargo-space located in immediately adjacent consecutive o'rder side'by side along approximately the entire len th of each of two opposite sides of each. sai cargo-space, and

communicating at their lower ends with their i respective sides of said chamber, below said perforated bottom, az common air-'supply duct delivering into said air-supply ducts of. said cargo-spaces, and air-ducts'in each said cargo-space exhausting from approximately the entire' length of each said cargo-space, whereby airis delivered sectionall vinto. the air-chamber below the perforatedt ottoni of each t argo-space from both vsides of each said cargo-space.

ln testimony whereof- I have signed, my

WM. H. BYRNEs, Jr., CHAs. l. DnNnonaUD.

zoo

I ro

' name to this specification in= the presence of 

